Imperialism, as defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. " The Imperialism of the last 500 years is described in the above work as a primarily western undertaking that employs "expansionist – mercantilist and latterly communist – systems. " Geographical domains include the Mongolian Empire, Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Dutch Empire, the Persian Empire, the French Empire, the Russian Empire, the American Empire, the Chinese Empire, or the British Empire, but the term can equally be applied to domains of knowledge, beliefs, values and expertise, such as the empires of Christianity or Islam.
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imperialism Any instance of aggressive extension of authority.