surface the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; "there is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"
apex of the sun's way,
solar apex,
apex the point on the celestial sphere toward which the sun and solar system appear to be moving relative to the fixed stars
celestial point a point in the heavens (on the celestial sphere)
nadir the point below the observer that is directly opposite the zenith on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
zenith the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected
The Firmament is the usual English translation of the Hebrew "raqiya`" (pronounced /raki'ja/ in English) meaning an extended solid surface or dome, considered to be a hemisphere above the ground in many Near Eastern cosmologies.
OmegaWiki Dictionary
Ω
firmament The eighth sphere carrying the fixed stars, which surrounded the seven spheres of the planets in the geocentric model.
